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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Tokelau (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Tokelau (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)Tokelau (2001)
 Arctic OceanTokelau
Administrative divisions - none (territory of New Zealand)
Age structure - 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products - coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Airports - none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Samoa
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
total:
10 sq km

land:
10 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. According to a UN report, these low-lying islands will disappear in the 21st century, if global warming continues to raise sea levels.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues:
$430,830

expenditures:
$2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
Capital - none; each atoll has its own administrative center
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Coastline 45,389 km 101 km
Constitution - administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970
Country name - conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Tokelau
Currency - New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $0
Dependency status - territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution, developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with Wellington
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (territory of New Zealand)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $3.8 million (1995)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
Electricity - consumption - NA kWh
Electricity - production - NA kWh
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Ethnic groups - Polynesian
Exchange rates - New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997), 1.4543 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT (since NA March 1993)

head of government:
Aliki Faipule FALIMATEAO (since NA 1997)

cabinet:
the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders, one from each atoll; functions as a cabinet

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
Exports - $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983)
Exports - commodities - stamps, copra, handicrafts
Exports - partners - NZ
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - the flag of New Zealand is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 9 00 S, 172 00 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months -
Highways - total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $323,400 (c.i.f., 1983)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Imports - partners - NZ
Independence - none (territory of New Zealand)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Infant mortality rate - NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - SPC, WHO (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Labor force - NA
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land:
0% (soil is thin and infertile)

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)
Languages - Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Legal system - British and local statutes
Legislative branch - unicameral General Fono (45 seats - 15 from each of the three atolls; members chosen by each atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega to serve three-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers legislative power on the General Fono
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Oceania, group of three islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Arctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
National holiday - Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality - noun:
Tokelauan(s)

adjective:
Tokelauan
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) NEGL
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population - 1,445 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - -0.92% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations - AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA

note:
each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%

note:
on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Suffrage - 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
adequate

domestic:
radiotelephone service between islands

international:
radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
Telephones - main lines in use - NA
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations - NA
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - none
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